ASC Steel Deck, based on BOF Steel

Environmental Product Declaration

ASC Steel Deck
10905 Beech Avenue Fontana, California 92337
2110 Enterprise Boulevard West Sacramento, California 95691 800.726.2727 | info@ascsd.com |www.ascsd.com

ASC Steel Deck, a division of ASC Profiles LLC, is an innovative leading manufacturer in the structural steel roof and floor deck market throughout the Western United States. With
its revolutionary DeltaGrip® tool, a mechanical side-seam attachment system, or DGN-32, the 32” coverage deep rib roof deck panel, ASC Steel Deck strives to lead the way in providing the highest performance with the lowest installed costs through product innovation.

ASC Profiles LLC is one of the world’s leading manufacturers of steel roof and wall products and structural roof and floor deck. At present, ASC Profiles operates manufacturing facilities in West Sacramento and Fontana, California; Tacoma and Spokane, Washington; Salem, Oregon; Salt Lake City, Utah; and Anchorage, Alaska.

Product
This EPD represents ASC Steel Deck (18 to 22 gauge) products made from roll formed steel and protected with TruZinc® steel coating (hot-dip galvanized).1 ASC Steel Deck products are manufactured at the following locations in the United States:
Fontana, California
West Sacramento, California

Declared Unit
1 metric ton of ASC Steel Deck product. Results are also presented for one short ton of ASC Steel Deck

EPD Number and Period of Validity
SCS-EPD-04386
Beginning Date: February 22, 2017 – End Date: February 21, 2022

Product Category Rule
North American Product Category Rule for Designated Steel Construction Products. May 2015

Program Operator
SCS Global Services
2000 Powell Street, Ste. 600, Emeryville, CA 94608
+1.510.452.8000 | www.SCSglobalServices.com

1 TruZinc® is a registered trademark of Steelscape, LLC

© 2017 SCSglobalServices.com

2

Table of Contents
Product and Company Information	cover
Product Scope	3
Material Content	4
Product Life Cycle Flow Diagram	4
Life Cycle Assessment Stages and Reported Information	6
Life Cycle Impact Assessment	7
Supporting Technical Information	11
References	14

Disclaimers: This Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) conforms to ISO 14025, 14040, and ISO 14044.

Scope of Results Reported: The PCR requirements limit the scope of the LCA metrics such that the results exclude environmental and social performance benchmarks and thresholds, and exclude impacts from the depletion of natural resources, land use ecological impacts, ocean impacts related to greenhouse gas emissions, risks from hazardous wastes and impacts linked to hazardous chemical emissions.
Accuracy of Results: Due to PCR constraints, this EPD provides estimations of potential impacts that are inherently limited in terms of accuracy.

Comparability: The PCR this EPD was based on was not written to support comparative assertions. EPDs based on different PCRs, or different calculation models, may not be comparable. When attempting to compare EPDs or life cycle impacts of products from different companies, the user should be aware of the uncertainty in the final results, due to and not limited to, the practitioner’s assumptions, the source of the data used in the study, and the specifics of the product modeled.	

PCR Review Chairperson	Thomas P. Gloria, PhD., Industrial Ecology Consultants t.gloria@industrial-ecology.com	
Approved: February 22, 2017 Valid until: February 21, 2022	
Independent verification of the declaration and data, according to ISO 14025:2006 and ISO 21930:2007	internal	external	

Third party verifier	

Tom Gloria, PhD, Industrial Ecology Consultants	

PRODUCT SCOPE
ASC Steel Deck structural floor and roof deck products are used in commercial construction. These products are roll formed from steel protected with TruZinc® steel coating, a hot-dip galvanization process. The hot dip galvanization coating weights offered are G01 (<0.2 ounce per sq ft), G40 (0.4 ounce per sq ft), G60 (0.6 ounce per sq ft), and G90 (0.9 ounce per sq ft). In addition, a primer paint coat over the galvanized steel is also available. Descriptions of the products represented by this EPD are shown in Table 1.

Table 1. Specification of ASC Steel Deck products included in the scope, by facility.
ASC Steel Deck	

Product Type	West Sacramento, CA Facility	Fontana, CA Facility	
	Steel thickness in Gauge (Ga)	
1 1/2” Type B Deck	18-22 Ga*	18-22 Ga	
3” Type N Deck	18-22 Ga*	18-22 Ga	
2” Type 2W Deck	18-22 Ga*	-	
3” Type 3W Deck	18-22 Ga*	18-22 Ga	
7/8” Roof and Form Deck	-	18-22 Ga	
4 1/2”, 6”, and 7 1/2” Deep Roof Deck	18-22 Ga*	18-22 Ga	
*Applies to cellular and Acustadek® (welded or riveted) version of product

Table 2. Declared unit for ASC Steel Deck products, and the approximate density.
Parameter	Value, SI Units	Value, US Customary Units	
Declared Unit	1 metric ton	1 short ton	
Density	7,850 kg/m3	490 lb/ft3	

MATERIAL CONTENT

The approximate material composition of ASC Steel Deck is shown below in Table 3.
Table 3 Material composition of ASC Steel Deck.
Material	Percentage of Total Product Mass	
Steel	96-99%	
Hot-dip Galvanized Coating (TruZinc®)*	1-4%	
Primer (optional)	<0.005%	
*The percentage of coating varies depending on customer specification of coating thickness (G-01, G-40, G-60 and G-90) and gauge of steel

ASC Steel Deck products are used inside the building envelope and do not include materials or substances which have any potential route of exposure to humans or flora/fauna in the environment.

PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE FLOW DIAGRAM

The diagram on the next page is a representation of the most significant contributions to the production of ASC Steel Deck products. This includes resource extraction, steelmaking, transport to ASC Profiles’ roll forming facilities, and product manufacturing.

Steel Scrap Processing	Iron Ore Mining	

Raw Material Extraction
and Processing (A1)

Metallic Coating of Steel

Transport to Manufacturer (A2)

Manufacturing (A3)

Cold Rolling

BOF Steel (Hot Rolled Coil)

Transport to Manufacturer

Manufacture of ASC Steel Deck

Construction Process Stage (A4 - A5)

Use Stage

Use Stage (B1- B7)

End-of-Life

End-Of-Life Stage (C1- C4)

Recycling Potential

Recovery

Reuse

Benefits and Loads Beyond the System Boundaries (D)

Transportation	Energy	Denotes System Boundary

LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT STAGES AND REPORTED INFORMATION
The following life cycle stages are included in the EPD. Since this EPD does not include the use phase, the product’s Reference Service Life is not specified.

Module A1: Extraction and processing of Raw materials
The steel for ASC Steel Deck products is purchased in the form of hot rolled coils. Hot rolled coils are transported to a cold rolling facility in Kalama, Washington, for further processing which includes pickling and cold rolling of steel. The cold rolled steel is finished with the application of TruZinc® steel coating.

This life cycle stage includes all the unit processes related to hot rolled steel coil production, transportation of hot rolled steel coil to cold rolling facilities for further processing, pickling and cold rolling operations, and TruZinc® coating (i.e., hot-dip galvanization).

Module A2: Transport to manufacturer
This life cycle stage includes the transportation of coated steel produced from Kalama, Washington to the ASC Steel Deck roll forming facilities located in Fontana and West Sacramento, California.

Module A3: Manufacturing of ASC Steel Deck
This life cycle stage includes the manufacture of ASC Steel Deck products at the Fontana and West Sacramento roll forming facilities in California. The manufacturing process of ASC Steel Deck involves de-coiling, coil slitting, roll forming, cutting (shearing); and packaging. This life cycle stage also includes the generation of electricity and production of ancillary material inputs (e.g., packaging, lubricants, etc.).

LIFE CYCLE IMPACT ASSESSMENT
Results are reported according to the LCIA methodologies of Tool for the Reduction and Assessment of Chemical and Other Environmental Impacts (TRACI version 2.1) and CML-IA version 4.1. See Table 4 for results. There are impact categories which are not addressed by this EPD, including impacts to biomes, habitat disruption, and human health.

Table 4. Results for the declared unit for ASC Steel Deck by life cycle stage. Results are reported with two significant digits.
	
Product Stage	
	Raw Material Extraction/ Processing	Transport to the Manu- facturer	
Manu- facturing	
Impact Category	Category Indicator	Indicator Description	Unit	A1	A2	A3	

Global warminga	
Global Warming Potential	
Global Warming Potential (GWP)	
ton CO2 eq/ tond	
2.8	
8.2x10-2	
1.4x10-2	

Ozone Depletiona	
Ozone Depletion Potential	
Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer (ODP)	
ton CFC-11 eq/ tond	
Negligible	
1.2x10-8	
2.3x10-11	

Acidification of land and watera	
Acid Emissions	
Acidification Potential of soil and water (AP)	
SO2 eq/ tond	
1.5x10-2	
7.9x10-4	
9.5x10-5	
Eutrophication (freshwater)a	Phosphorus and nitrogen emissions	Eutrophication potential (EP)	ton N eq/ tond	
3.7x10-3	
1.6x10-4	
1.6x10-5	

Photochemical Ozone Creationa	
Max. Pot. for Ozone Formation	Formation potential of tropospheric ozone (POCP)	
ton O3 eq/ tond	
0.23	
2.2x10-2	
5.0x10-4	

Depletion of abiotic resources (elements)b,c	
Aggregated Depletion of Extracted Resources	
Abiotic depletion potential (ADP- elements) for non- fossil resources	
ton Sb eq/ tond	

3.0x10-4	

1.1x10-7	

1.8x10-8	

Depletion of abiotic resources (fossil)b	

Fossil fuel consumption	
Abiotic depletion potential (ADP-fossil fuels) for fossil resources	
BTU/short ton (MJ/metric ton)e	
29,000,000
(31,000)	
1,100,000
(1,100)	
210,000
(220)	
a Calculated using TRACI v2.1.
b Calculated using CML-IA v4.1.
c This indicator is based on assumptions regarding current reserves estimates. Users should use caution when interpreting results because there is insufficient information on which indicator is best for assessing the depletion of abiotic resources.
d Results shown represent both short ton per short ton of steel, and metric ton per metric ton of steel (these values are equivalent).
e Results shown represent US Customary (BTU per short ton) and SI (MJ per metric ton) units. SI units are shown using parenthesis.

Resource Use
The PCR requires that several parameters be reported in the EPD, including resource use, waste categories and output flows, and other environmental information. The results for these parameters per declared unit are shown in Table 5.

Table 5. Results for resource use, wastes, and output flows for declared unit of one ton of ASC Steel Deck.

Product Stage	
	Raw Material Extraction/ Processing	
Transport to the Manufacturer	
Manu- facturing	
Impact Category	Unit	A1	A2	A3	
Use of renewable primary energy excluding renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials	BTU/ short ton (MJ/ metric ton)a	1,000,000
(1,100)	16,000
(17)	110,000
(120)	
Use of renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials	BTU/ short ton (MJ/ metric ton)a	0.0	0.0	0.0	
Total use of renewable primary energy resources	BTU/ short ton (MJ/ metric ton)a	1,000,000
(11,00)	16,000
(17)	110,000
(120)	
Use of nonrenewable primary energy excluding nonrenewable primary energy resources used as raw materials	
BTU/ short ton (MJ/ metric ton)a	
43,000,000
(45,000)	
1,100,000
(1,100)	
220,000
(230)	
Use of nonrenewable primary energy resources used as raw materials	BTU/ short ton (MJ/ metric ton)a	0.0	0.0	0.0	
Total use of nonrenewable primary energy resources (primary energy and primary energy resources used as raw materials)	
BTU/ short ton (MJ/ metric ton)a	
43,000,000
(45,000)	
1,100,000
(1,100)	
220,000
(230)	
Use of secondary materials	ton/tonb	0.17	0.0	0.0	

Use of renewable secondary fuels	
BTU/ short ton (MJ/ metric ton)a	
0.0	
0.0	
0.0	

Use of nonrenewable secondary fuels	
BTU/ short ton (MJ/ metric ton)a	
INAc	
INAc	
INAc	

Net use of fresh water	Gallons/short ton (m3/ metric ton)a	3,200
(12)	
0.0	23
(0.086)	
a Results shown represent US Customary units per short ton of steel, and SI units per metric ton of steel. SI units are shown using parenthesis.
b Results shown represent both short ton per short ton of steel, and metric ton per metric ton of steel (these values are equivalent).
c “INA”- Indicator not assessed due to lack of specific data.

Resource Use:
The PCR requires that several parameters be reported in the EPD, including resource use, waste categories and output flows, and other environmental information. The results for these parameters per declared unit are shown in Table 5.

Table 5 (continued). Results for resource use, wastes, and output flows for declared unit of one ton of ASC Steel Deck.

Product Stage	
	Raw Material Extraction/ Processing	
Transport to the Manufacturer	
Manu- facturing	
Impact Category	Unit	A1	A2	A3	
Nonhazardous waste disposed	ton/tonb	0.11	0.013	3.5x10-4	
Hazardous waste disposed	ton/tonb	0.047	0.0	0.0	
Radioactive Waste disposed	ton/tonb	6.4x10-6	1.1x10-6	1.4x10-3	
Components for re-use	ton/tonb	Negligible	Negligible	Negligible	
Materials for recycling	ton/tonb	Not Applicable	0.0	0.072	
Materials for energy recovery	ton/tonb	Negligible	Negligible	Negligible	

Exported energy	
BTU/ short ton (MJ/ metric ton)a	
Negligible	
0.0	
0.0	
a Results shown represent US Customary units per short ton of steel, and SI units per metric ton of steel. SI units are shown using parenthesis.
b Results shown represent both short ton per short ton of steel, and metric ton per metric ton of steel (these values are equivalent).

Translating LCA results to a specific ASC Steel Deck product
This EPD is based on one metric ton of steel deck. Steel deck is purchased based on square footage. To translate results from the EPD to one square meter area of a specific gauge of steel deck, the following scaling factors can be applied. To apply to a specific gauge of steel, multiply the scaling factor in Table 6 by the results in Tables 4 and 5 to obtain the results for 1 square meter of steel deck.
Table 6 Scaling factor to be applied to the LCIA results for one square meter of ASC Steel Deck, by gauge.
Gauge	18	19	20	21	22	
Scaling Factor	0.0097	0.0086	0.0073	0.0067	0.0061	

Disclaimer
This Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) conforms to ISO 14025, 14040, ISO 14044, and ISO 21930.

Scope of Results Reported: The PCR requires the reporting of a limited set of LCA metrics; therefore, there may be relevant environmental impacts beyond those disclosed by this EPD. The EPD does not indicate that any environmental or social performance benchmarks are met nor thresholds exceeded.

Accuracy of Results: This EPD has been developed in accordance with the PCR applicable for the identified product following the principles, requirements and guidelines of the ISO 14040, ISO 14044, ISO 14025 and ISO 21930 standards. The results in this EPD are estimations of potential impacts. The accuracy of results in different EPDs may vary as a result of value choices, background data assumptions and quality of data collected.

Comparability: EPDs are not comparative assertions and are either not comparable or have limited comparability when they cover different life cycle stages, are based on different product category rules or are missing relevant environmental impacts. Such comparisons can be inaccurate and could lead to the erroneous selection of materials or products which are higher-impact, at least in some impact categories. Any comparison of EPDs shall be subject to the requirements of ISO 21930.

SUPPORTING TECHNICAL INFORMATION
Data Sources
The life cycle inventory (LCI) analysis was conducted using SimaPro 8.2 software, drawing upon data from mix of primary and secondary data sources, summarized in Table 7. These inventory data sources were used to create results for each inventory flow relative to the declared unit of one metric ton.

Table 7. Data sources used for the LCA.
Material	Dataset	Publication Date	
Product	
Hot Rolled Coil	Cradle-to-gate LCI data from steel mill in Australia Cradle-to-gate LCI data from steel mill in Japan	2014; 2014	
Pickling	Hydrochloric acid, without water, in 30% solution state {RoW}| market for | Alloc Rec, U1	2014; 2014	
Cold Rolling	Rolling oil: White mineral oil, at plant/RNA2
Grinding Coolant: Lubricating oil {GLO} | market for | Alloc Rec1	2014; 2014	

Galvanized Coating Process	Zinc {GLO}| market for | Alloc Rec, U1
Primer: Acrylic binder, without water, in 34% solution state {GLO}| market for | Alloc Rec, U1
Proxy datasets of Sodium dichromate {GLO}| market for | Alloc Rec, and U1 Phosphoric acid, industrial grade, without water, in 85% solution state {GLO}| market for | Alloc Rec, U1 were used to represent Chemetall Okemcoat F1 (blend of chromium(III) phosphate, phosphoric acid and chromic (VI) acid).	

2015	
Packaging	
Wood dunnage	Waste wood, post-consumer {GLO}| waste wood, post-consumer, Recycled Content cut-off
| Alloc Rec, U1	2015	
Plastic shrink wrap	Packaging film, low density polyethylene {GLO} | market for |Alloc Rec1	2015	
Steel banding	Steel, low-alloyed, hot rolled {GLO}1	2015	
Resource Use	

Electricity use	The dataset represents the supply mix of electricity, including transmission & distribution losses, for eGRID power subregions, representing the locations of manufacturing facilities operated by ASC Profiles.	
2015	
Propane	Propane, burned in building machine {GLO} | Propane, burned in building machine | Alloc Rec1	2014	
Natural gas	Heat, district or industrial, natural gas {GLO}| market group for | Alloc Rec, U1	2015	
Diesel	Diesel, combusted in industrial boiler/US2	2011	
Gasoline	Gasoline, combusted in equipment/US2	2011	
Transportation	
Truck	Transport, freight, lorry 16-32 metric ton, EURO4 {GLO}| market for | Alloc Rec1	2015	
Transoceanic ship	Transport, freight, sea, transoceanic ship {GLO}| market for | Alloc Rec, U1	2015	
Rail	Transport, freight train {US}| market for | Alloc Rec, U1	2015	
1 Ecoinvent v3.2 Life Cycle Database
2 USLCI

Data Quality
Table 8. Data quality assessment of Life Cycle Inventory.
Data Quality Parameter	Data Quality Discussion	
Time-Related Coverage:
Age of data and the minimum length of time over which data is collected	Manufacturer provided primary data for roll forming processes occurring at two facilities (Fontana, and West Sacramento) based on annual production for 2015. Primary data was provided for upstream hot rolled steel production by two steel mills. Primary data for intermediate processing of hot rolled coil including cold rolling and coating operations were based on annual production for calendar year 2015. Representative datasets (secondary data) used for upstream and background processes are generally less than 6 years old (typically 2010 or more recent).	
Geographical Coverage: Geographical area from which data for unit processes is collected to satisfy the goal of the study	The data used in the analysis is considered to be of high quality and provide the best possible representation available with current data. Primary data was obtained for product manufacture and upstream steel making operations. Representative data from Europe were adapted to US regional electricity grid mixes and are considered sufficiently similar to actual processes.	
Technology Coverage:
Specific technology or technology mix	Data are representative of the actual technologies used for processing, transportation, and manufacturing operations. Data was collected for all key processes including steelmaking, pickling, cold rolling, coating and roll forming.	
Precision:
Measure of the variability of the data values for each data expressed (e.g. variance)	Precision of results are not quantified due to a lack of data. Data collected for operations were typically averaged for one or more years and over multiple operations, which is expected to reduce the variability of results.	
Completeness: Percentage of flow that is measured or estimated	The LCA model included all known mass and energy flows for production of the chair. In some instances, surrogate data used to represent upstream and downstream operations may
be missing some data which is propagated in the model. No known processes or activities contributing to more than 1% of the total environmental impact for each indicator are excluded. In total, these missing data represent less than 5% of the mass or energy flows.	
Representativeness: Qualitative assessment of the degree to which the data set reflects the true population of
interest (i.e. geographical coverage, time period and technology coverage)	Overall, data used in the assessment represent actual production of ASC Steel Deck products. Primary data is used to model upstream steelmaking and it is considered to be representative of the actual technologies used for steelmaking in Australia and Japan.	
Consistency:
Qualitative assessment of whether the study methodology is applied uniformly to the various components of the analysis	The consistency of the assessment is considered to be high. Data sources of similar quality and age are used; with a bias towards Ecoinvent data where available.	
Reproducibility:
Qualitative assessment of the extent to which information about the methodology and data values would allow an independent practitioner to reproduce the results reported in the study	Based on the description of data and assumptions used, this assessment would be reproducible by other practitioners. All assumptions, models, and data sources are documented.	
Sources of the Data: Description of all primary and secondary data sources	Data representing operations at the manufacturers’ facilities represent an annual average. Primary data were available for all key processes across the supply chain including steelmaking, cold rolling, coating and roll forming of ASC Steel Deck. LCI datasets from Ecoinvent were used to model chemical inputs such as lubricants, resins and other chemicals.	
Uncertainty of the Information: Uncertainty related to data, models, and assumptions	Uncertainty related to the product materials and packaging is low. Data for upstream operations relied upon use of actual processes and technologies used for steelmaking. These datasets
are considered to be geographical representative as primary data was collected from the steel mills. Uncertainty related to the impact assessment methods used in the study is relatively high. The impact assessment method required by the PCR includes impact potentials, which lack characterization of providing and receiving environments or tipping points. .	

Allocation
The study followed the allocation guidelines of ISO 14044, and sought to minimize the use of allocation wherever possible. Secondary databases used for the product system apply allocation based primarily on physical relationships.

Resource and energy use for the two ASC Steel Deck manufacturing facilities were allocated using a mass-based approach, based on the total production of finished products at each facility.

Limitations
Specific data were not available on passivants, resins and pretreatment chemicals used during the metallic coating process of steel. To address this limitation, representative datasets from Ecoinvent were identified and incorporated in the LCA model, based on information in the SDS (safety data sheets) provided by the manufacturer.

Comparison of the environmental performance of construction products should be based on the product’s use in a building, considering the complete life cycle. Results that do not consider the complete building context are inappropriate for comparing construction products. As the scope of this LCA is the production of steel construction products, and does not include impacts on the building, indicator results presented in this LCA cannot be compared directly to another material type, unless these products have equivalent use phase impacts and identical effects on the whole building.

The results presented should be considered in the context of operational impacts from the function of the integrated whole building system. When the building lifetime is taken into account, the impacts resulting from the production of these steel products can range from small, to significant, due to the nearly limitless number of building designs possible. These impacts from the operational phase of a whole building are not the subject of this study, but should be considered when interpreting results.

REFERENCES
Final Report: Life Cycle Assessment of ASC Steel Deck and AEP Span, based on BOF Steel. Prepared for ASC Profiles LLC. SCS Global Services. February 2017.
North American Product Category Rule for Designated Steel Construction Products. SCS Global Services. Version 1.0. May 2015.
ISO 14025:2006 Environmental labels and declarations – Type III environmental declarations – Principles and Procedures.
ISO 14040: 2006 Environmental Management – Life cycle assessment – Requirements and Guidelines
ISO 14044: 2006 Environmental Management – Life cycle assessment – Requirements and Guidelines.
ISO 21930: 2007 Sustainability in building construction – Environmental declaration of building products.
EN 15804:2012+A1:2013. Sustainability of construction works – Environmental product declarations – Core rules for the product category of construction products. 2013.
SCS Type III Environmental Declaration Program: Program Operator Manual. SCS Global Services. v7. October 2015.
Bare, J., et al. TRACI – The Tool for the Reduction and Assessment of Chemical and Other Environmental Impacts. Journal of Industrial Ecology. Volume 6, no. 3-4 (2003). http://mitpress.mit.edu/jie
CML-IA Characterization Factors v4.1. Leiden University, Institute of Environmental Sciences. October 2012.
Ecoinvent Centre (2015) ecoinvent data from v3.2. Swiss Center for Life Cycle Inventories, Dübendorf, 2010, http://www.ecoinvent.org
US Life-Cycle Inventory Database. National Renewable Energy Laboratory. http://www.nrel.gov/lci

For more information contact:

ASC Steel Deck
10905 Beech Avenue Fontana, CA 92337
2110 Enterprise Boulevard West Sacramento, California 95691 800.726.2727 | www.ascsd.com | info@ascsd.com

SCS Global Services
2000 Powell Street, Ste. 600, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
main +1.510.452.8000 | fax +1.510.452.8001